Water Management in Jordan Essay -- Environmental Management Science

Water shortage is a global problem and the consequences of water deficit prat be a future crisis. According to Hasan Ali (2002, 1-3) the world large water deficient region is the Middle East. Jordan is one of the water-scarce countries in this area, Jordan is similarly in the pass off of ten water-deficient countries. The reasons of this problem are the features of nature such as semi-arid climate, few water sources and low precipitation. Because of that, the country has the lowest per head basis of water in the world. The other reasons are social effects namely rising population, resulting from a high degree of urbanization, gain of engineering systems and economic development (Akawwic et al. 2009, 197-198). The aim of this raise is to suggest the most effective solutions to avoid the future crisis in Jordan. Four solutions will be analysed in this essay firstly, adoption of irrigation systems secondly, water harvesting thirdly, desalinisation fourthly, water management. Initial ly, the largest customer of water resources is the agriculture sector. It is a really danger for Jordan because the statistics show that water consumption of agriculture is about 80 % of all water. Therefore, firstly, the able solution is to reduce water consumption of agriculture (Akawwic et al 2010, 201). It could be realized with using effective irrigation methods such as drip or micro irrigation (ibid.,202). The irrigation methods, in particular, furrow and basin irrigation, which were often used in past, required large quantities of water. Therefore, these approaches were substituted by micro irrigation, in order to economize water resources (Abbasi et al 2010, 337). Generally, micro irrigation is the favourable and effective method, but there is in... ...October 24, 2010 )Beithou. N. 2006. Proposed water management and control device for water losses problem in Jordan. J.Environ. Eng. Sci. 5443-446. EBSCOhost http//www.search.ebscohost.com / (accessed November 5, 2010)Hasan Ali, B. 2002. young and Traditional Irrigation Technologies in the Eastern Mediterranean Water-demand management in the Mediterranean. 2nd ed. Ottawa, ON, CAN IDRC Books. Ebrary http//site.ebrary.com/lib/astana/ (accessed )Hassan,Y, F. Molle and J-P. Venot. 2008. Irrigation in the Jordan Valley Are water set overly optimistic? Agricultural Water Management. 95427-438. Science Direct http//www.sciencedirect.com/ (accessed October 24, 2010 )Mohsen. S. 2007. Water strtegies and potential of desalination in Jordan. Desalination. 203 27-46. Science Direct http//www.sciencedirect.com/ (accessed November 5, 2010 )